There are several processes involved in leather making, one of the process is tanning. In tanning process, higher concentration of chromium is commonly used. Whereas chromium is regarded as one of the toxic heavy metal. The disposal of these chromium effluent into water bodies is known to cause various ill effects. To replace that, vegetable tanning can be practiced, where the method is easy as well as ecofriendly. In this review, we have dealt about various procedures in leather processing especially chrome tanning and health hazards caused by chromium. Also added a note on vegetable tanning using tannins to replace the chrome tanning for making better environment.

Silver nano particles synthesised from the leaves of Wrightia tinctoria were characterised by following instrumental analysis - UV Vis spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The interaction of the silver nanoparticle to the microorganism was studied in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis through agar diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration, swarming motility assay and protein leakage assay. The nanoparticles were found to be more effective against the bacteria used in this study.

Bioelectricity generation can be done in MFC. In this study, Agrobacterium tumefaciens SU-11 two electrodes with surface area of 2.376 cm2 and 69.5325 cm2 and two different length salt bridge were used for electricity generation in mediator less microbial fuel cell. Two different concentrations of lactose i.e. 2% and 3 % lactose were used as carbon source. More electricity generation was found at 2 % lactose and 2.376 cm2 electrode used MFC. The organism was able to produce around 450 mV while dairy wastewater was used as carbon source.

Online voting is as an election system that utilizes the internet to ensure access to a domain or website and allows the eligible voters to cast their secure and secret ballot electronically. It is done by casting a ballot through a digital system over the internet. An attempt has been made to develop an electronic voting system with token generation for authenticating the voters during elections. The voting system has the client side and the administrative side. The client side is for the voters and the administrative side is handled by election officers. The registration and verification of voters are done by the election officers by entering the required data. After these entries, the system accepts the inputs and automatically generates the token. During the election the voter’s login with their generated token as the voters’ ID and a password assigned to each voter. After filling the portal, the voter gets access to vote for their preferred candidate. The system does not allow multiple votes with the same generated token. As voting proceeds, the system counts the number of votes for a candidate and at the same time the total number of voters. PHP (Hypertext preprocessor) was used for implementing the online model of the application, CSS (Cascadian stylesheet) was used to beautify the pages and MySQL was used as the database engine.

The Urinary tract infections (UTI) are common in men and women and the most common in postoperative patients. In this study, antibiogram of urinary isolates among the Inpatients (IP) – 85 samples and Outpatients (OP) – 73 samples were determined. Organisms were isolated from the collected midstream urine sample and subjected for identification and evaluated for the susceptibility pattern. Mainly the Urinary Tract Infection causing organism in OP and IP was Escherichia coli. Others include Klebsiella sp., Pseudomonas sp., Proteus sp., and Staphylococcus sp in which various degrees of susceptibility patterns were recorded. Inpatients isolates showed high degree of resistance to the antibiotics used. In both IP/OP, the major uropathogen was Escherichia coli

Polyaniline salts were synthesized at room temperature (300 C) by electrochemical oxidation using primary dopants such as HCL, HNO3, H2SO4 and CH3COOH. All the synthesized PANI have resulted in emeraldine salt form as indicated by dark green colour of the salts. Various characterization techniques employed were UV-Visible spectroscopy, FT-IR and Cyclic voltammetry studies. All these techniques confirm the various properties of PANI. The characteristic peaks in the UV-Visible spectra of the samples indicate that effective doping has occurred in the synthesized polymer polymers. Quinoid and benzenoid bands at 1553-1596 cm-1 and 1437 – 1496 cm-1 respectively were observed in all the samples. The band gaps for all the samples were obtained using the absorption spectra and Stern relation. PANI-H2SO4 had the least band gap whereas PANI-CH3COOH had the highest band gap. The voltammograph showed the various oxidation states during the electrochemical deposition at a potential of 0.8 V. Four probe Method was used to study the conductivity of both thin films deposited on ITO slides. The conductivity values for PANI-H2SO4 were found to be 3.424 S.cm-1for thin film. By comparing the four samples’ p - p* transition, from the strongest to the weakest were in the order: , PANI-H2SO4 followed by PANI-HCl then PANI-HNO3 and the weakest been PANI-CH3COOH. This suggests that polaron charge carriers are responsible for the high conductivity in H2SO4 doped PANI.

In this study, aluminum white-powdered sludge, which is an industrial waste product from the aluminum-anodizing industry, is used as an admixture in cement paste to observe its effects on the mechanical properties and the corrosion resistance in the reinforced steel bars. The mass ratio of cement and aluminum white-powdered sludge (particularly 1.00:0.05, 1.00:0.1, and 1.00:0.2) is used to prepare cement paste by using 48.5 wt.% water ratio. The effect of the mass ratio of cement and aluminum whitepowdered sludge (average particle size of the aluminum white-powdered sludge is less than 45 µm in diameter) on porosity, bulk density, compressive strength, and corrosion resistance have been centered around for this study. Based upon the results of study, as the quantity of the aluminum white-powdered sludge increases, the porosity of cement paste also increases; yet the bulk density and compressive strength of the paste, on the other hands, decrease. However, it was found that the addition of the aluminum whitepowdered sludge to the cement paste causes more corrosion on reinforced steel bars and also more damaged on the cement pastes.

The reinforced concrete is mixed with substances of natural fibrous that are termed as Natural Fiber -Reinforced Concrete and includes the cement-based grid that has been done out of cement, sand, water and additives, where small length filaments are dispersed. The primary purpose of this research is to promote an understanding of the joint efficiency, relating to Efficiency-Based Seismic Design (PBSD) of reinforced-concrete frameworks, to forecast the best results of earlier experimental studies of joints and to develop tools to assist PBSD of the separate joints. The improvement in the efficiency of seismic in relation to horizontal forces and operability leads to more powerful Beam-column joints. A lot of the analytic models and modeling have suggested to examine the various strengthening methods by using sheets of Nano Fiber Reinforced Polymer. In this study, one-point load test (PLT) was performed with real-time test benches to analysis the efficiency of beamcolumn joints reinforced with high-efficiency Nano fiber reinforced concrete in frame sample..

Any base from one domain to other domain can be converted through some transformation. Hence transforms play a major role in any signal processing applications. It will involve some basis function to convert from one domain from the other. Initially to calculate the coefficients of any transformation the techniques like look up table based, CORDIC based are well known. The paper talks about the various techniques and their real time implementations results. Results shows improvement in calculations if quadrant mapping and the orders of the transforms are changed.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has undergone numerous changes recently. It also brought several changes in speech processing domain. The precision of speech recognition frameworks are improved by the applications and algorithms based on Neural Networks. This article displays an analysis of Recurrent Neural Networks and their execution additionally the utilization of RNN through well known Speech to Text change engines.

Soil quality standards are used as a means to maintain long-term soil productivity and these standards provide threshold values beyond which further alteration of soil properties would significantly change or impair the productivity potential of the soil Suitability of the soils for a particular crop is an important factor from the productivity point of view. The importance of soil in supporting food crops requires due attention towards study of the chemical composition of soils in relation to crop needs. The study area chosen is Siddapura catchment which is a part of Harangi command area covered in Hassan, Madikeri and Mysore districts, Karnataka state. Geographically it lies between 750 38’ E and 760 15’ E longitude and 120 24’ N and 120 46’ N latitude, covering an area of 1522.4 km2. The study area is covered in Survey of India (SOI) Toposheet numbers 48P/10, 48 P/11, 48 P/14, 48 P/15, 57 D/1, 57 D/2, 57 D/3 on 1:50,000 scale. The maximum length and width of the catchment is approximately equal to 37.53 km and 68.88 km respectively. In the present study, representative soil samples are collected from the field in different locations of the study area and are subjected to chemical analysis to determine the various macronutrients and micronutrients present and fertility status of the soils are determined from the nutrient index criteria. Results shows that based on the nutrient index criteria the soil fertility of Siddapura catchment can be categorized into lowlow-medium (LLM) category with respect to available organic carbon, phosphorous and potassium concentrations.

In this study, aluminum dross, which is an industrial waste product from the aluminum casting industry, is used as an admixture in cement paste to observe its effects on the mechanical properties and the corrosion resistance in the reinforced steel bars. The mass ratios of cement and aluminum dross used to prepare the cement paste with the controlled water ratio of 48.5 wt.%are1.00:0.05, 1.00:0.1, and 1.00:0.2. The effect the mass ratios of cement and aluminum dross and the average particle sizes of the aluminum dross (<45, 60 and 90 µm in diameter) on porosity, bulk density, compressive strength, and corrosion on the reinforced steel bars have been centered around. The results show that as the quantity of the aluminum dross increases, the porosity of cement paste increases but the bulk density and compressive strength of the paste decrease. In addition, as the particle size of the aluminum dross increases, both pore’s size and bulk density increase but the compressive strength decreases. Nevertheless, it found that the addition of aluminum dross to the cement paste causes more corrosion on reinforced steel bar and also more fractured on cement paste.

This paper presents results of an experimental study on the increase in the load carrying capacity of conventional ferrocement wrapped columns and modified ferrocement columns. In this study a ferrocement wrapping reinforced with 2 layers of welded steel meshes is used. Six short RCC square columns including four strengthened columns (Two with conventional ferrocement and two with modified ferrocement) were tested. The specimen were subjected to axial compressive load till failure. The results indicated that the increase in load carrying capacity of Column wrapped with conventional ferrocement is about 79.60% over control specimen that of column wrapped with modified ferrocement is about 89.80% over control specimen. Hence it is concluded that modified ferrocement jackets can be effectively used for strengthening of columns.

Solar energy is employed by Solar air collectors. These collectors are simple devices to heat air. A typical solar air heater has the main parts such as glass cover, the panel, and the air duct. An air blower is included in the active solar system. An absorber plate is included in the air duct which is made up of wooden or metallic. The sides and bottom of the duct had been enclosed through the thermal insulation.

This study was conducted to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of the cement mortar replaced with carrot powder (CP). To do this cement mortar specimen are formed by replacing the carrot powder in varying percentages, the increasing ratio of the CP affected the compressive strength and flexural strength. It was concluded that CP might be used in cement mortar to replace the cement in certain ratio to make them profitable.

This study aims to determine the commodity of smallholder plantation which became the basis of each district in Deli Derdang Regency. The data used is secondary data. The data analysis used is Location Quotient analysis. The results showed that the commodities of smallholder plantations which became the basis in Deli Serdang Regency were rubber, coconut, coffee, cocoa, cinnamon, areca nut, candlenut, gambier, palm sugar and sugar cane.

The problems of this study: whether there is a relationship between speeds with dribbling skills on the students of physical education department, Universitas Musamus in playing football. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between speed and dribbling skills on the students of physical education department. This study was used 102 students as population with a sample of 25 students. This study is a survey method which utilizes test and measurement techniques. Correlation analysis results obtained are r count 0.975>r table 0.396. This research shows that there is a very significant relationship between speed and dribbling skills on the students of physical education department, Universitas Musamus in playing football.

Lead metal is highly inert metal used widely because of its mechanical properties like high density, low melting point and ductility. Half of the lead produced is used as electrodes in lead acid car batteries, construction of buildings and pipes. Lead is poisonous to human beings if inhaled or swallowed. Achyranthus aspera and Phyllanthus amarus both the plants are widely available as weeds and they have excellent medicinal values. These plants are extensively used in folk, Ayurveda and Unani medicines. The leaves, stems, fruits, flowers and seeds cut from both the plants were washed with distilled water and dried in sun light. The dried materials were crushed and meshed to reduce the size of the particles below75µ and activated at 1000 C using hot air oven. At pH 6, at the period of 7 days with maximum adsorbent dose seed ash and dry powders of P.amarus plant shown highest adsorption of lead 88.54% and 86.75% respectively. At the same conditions A.aspera’s flowers ash and dry powders has shown 84.69% and 80.61% of lead adsorption from polluted water. The Bio sorbent powders are structurally analyzed with FT-IR spectroscopy before and after adsorption.

In this paper, design and simulation of High performance Band-stop filter based on CNTFET-COTA using 45 nm technology node is proposed. The Cascade Operational Trans conductance amplifier (COTA) is an amplifier whose differential input voltage produces an output current. It is a voltage controlled current source (VCCS). Further, CNT technology is used to design and simulate proposed structure at 45 nm technology node. The proposed structure uses carbon nanotube field effect transistor. In a CNTFET, the channel is made up of parallel combination of SWCNTs. It is observed that the proposed BSF is also consuming low power of 42 µW.

The increasing demand for water arising from global population growth and urbanization in recent years is stressing the water supply to its limits. By 2025, 1.8 billion people will experience absolute water scarcity, and 2/3 of the world will be living under water-stressed conditions [1-2]. Neural networks have proved to be an apt approach for water leakage detection as they have the best and most extensive reach on the problem owing to their computational nature. They do not any have basic flaws unlike alternate methods like leakage detection using acoustic sensors which cannot differentiate between spikes in flow and leakage. They are a flexible and efficient approach to detection of leakages in water distribution networks. According to an inquiry made by the International Water Supply Association (IWSA), the amount of lost or “unaccounted for water” (UFW) is typically in the range of 20–30% of production[3]. In this project, a neural network model is proposed for detection and location of leakages in the pipes based on pressure values from sensors deployed along the pipeline. The network is initially trained using these pressure values and can then be used to detect abnormalities in the readings which can be due to leakages. The open source tool used to develop this model is Neuroph Studio. Neuroph is a neural network framework written in Java. It can be used to create and train neural networks in Java programs. Neuroph provides Java class library as well as GUI tool to quickly create Java neural network components. The model consisting of a multilayer perceptron neural network identifies simultaneous leakages in multiple regions successfully. When the size of the input dataset increases from a set of 10 values to a set of 1500 values, the mean square error of outputs increases by 128 times. But when this change is from a set of 1500 values to a set of 12000 values, the mean square error increases by 1.6 times. Thus, the total mean square error decreases drastically with the increase in input size, leading to the conclusion that the model is stable and scalable.

This paper exhibits a general diagram of hereditary methodology interruption discovery frameworks and the strategies utilized in these frameworks, giving brief purposes of the structure standards and the significant patterns. In this paper, we will concentrate on the hereditary calculation strategy and how it could be utilized in interruption location frameworks giving a few instances of frameworks and analyses proposed in this field. At that point utilized a man-made brainpower procedures are broadly utilized here, for example, hereditary calculations.

Ferro cement is a type of thin wall reinforced concrete commonly constructed of hydraulic cement mortar reinforced with closely spaced layers of continuous and relatively small size wire mesh. The mesh may be made of metallic or other suitable materials. The fineness of the mortar matrix and its composition should be compatible with the mesh and armature systems it is meant to encapsulate. The matrix may contain discontinuous fibers. The results of an experimental study on the increase in the load carrying capacity of modified ferro cement wrapped columns and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer sheet wrapped columns. The modified ferro cement wrapping reinforced with 2 layers of welded steel meshes is used. Six short RCC square columns including four strengthened columns (Two with modified ferro cement and two with2 layers of CFRP) were tested. The specimens were subjected to axial compressive load till failure. The results indicated that the increase in load carrying capacity of Column wrapped with modified ferrocement is about 89.80% over control specimen and that of column wrapped with CFRP sheet is about 4.28% over controlspecimen. Hence it is concluded that modified ferro cement jackets can be effectively used for strengthening of columns.

Condition Monitoring technique acts as revolutionary mechanism because of effective, quick, reliable and cost effective application to uphold, maximize, optimize uninterrupted operation of high end equipment’s, in particular and all operating equipment’s, in general specially in power plant. Various methods are been adopted in this technique in which vibration analysis, wear debris analysis, thermography etc., are most common, widely recognized and in practice for carrying out condition monitoring program. These methods acts as preventive and proactive approach in identifying wear in machines and diagnose fault occurred in the machinery. Generally these condition monitoring techniques are isolated, carried out independently by respective departments, analyzed separately without establishing correlation between these techniques, leading to generation of separate reports for each technique. This leads to only a part of turbine faults typically get diagnosed. Therefore integration of these techniques can provide greater, deeper, and more reliable quick information leading to effective diagnosis of turbine in more accurate way. This paper deals with integrations and optimization of all various condition monitoring techniques that can be carried out simultaneously on turbine leading to early detection of problem and proper diagnosis to be carried out resulting in minimizing operating cost, avoid unplanned breakdown, and to maintain uninterrupted operation of turbine.

The development of comprehensive infrastructure can be passed by accelerating the construction and renovation of city facilities, such as schools, government offices, markets and other facilities. Accelerating the construction of city facilities, such as buildings, requires comprehensive planning and implementation through a wellcoordinated implementation between Contractors and Supervisors. The project to construct a city facility in the form of a building is a relatively complex process because of the many variables and components of work that must be completed properly in accordance with technical and administrative specifications regulated in central and regional regulations. Project success is not only in the mastery of project management but is also influenced by humans as controllers in project management. Therefore, PMU and stakeholders procedure manual are needed, so that the identification of tasks and responsibilities in the planning, implementation and supervision phases of the project can be an important document as a guide in managing the project towards project success. The purpose of this study is to determine the tasks and flow of PMU activities with stakeholders which is explained through the procedure manual. The type of research used is expose facto. Data were obtained and collected using FGDs and analyzed using a qualitative approach. In the PMU procedure manual with stakeholders in the implementation and supervision phases, it can be concluded that the tasks and responsibilities of the Contractor and Supervisor are still more dominant. The PMU carries out assistance in an integrated manner in its plementation and supervision phases so that in this phase it follows the methods and rules that apply and are specified in the project documents. The implementation and supervision PMU conducts intensiveassistance and monitoring since the initial conditions of the project begin to be carried out until supervision hand over.

In recent times, the world is taking into a part of challenging construction by using hard structures and high strength concretes. The proposed procedure deals with the experimental examination to find the mechanical properties of ternary blended concrete with hybrid fibers. Utilizations of mineral admixtures, such as, Fly Ash (FA), Metakaolin (MK) and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) are efficient to increase the strength and make sturdy for high strength concrete. Mechanical behavior of ternary blended concrete is prepared by high rates of ternary mixes like MK, FA, GGBS (10%-30%) and hybrid fibers (steel and polypropylene) with different volume parts (Steel:0.5-2%; PP:0.1-0.5%) are explored. The specimens are set up by various evaluations of concrete, for example, M20, M50, and M60 and furthermore shifting rates of ternary mix and fibers. The test examinations explored the proposed specimens and find the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength. The proposed ternary blended concrete with hybrid fibers upgraded the mechanical properties and optimal strength.

Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) is an epidemic problem for high strength medium carbon low alloy steel causing reduction in mechanical strength and useful service lifetime. Hydrogen embrittlement of high strength steel is concern for various industrial components used in critical applications. Unpredictable & sudden failure of mechanical equipment/components made of high strength steel (HSS) below designed allowable stress and without appreciable deformation resulted in many catastrophic accidents. HSS being used in various engineering applications such as Aerospace, Nuclear, Marine and Transportation etc. Components typically affected by hydrogen embrittlement are pressure vessels, boilers, automobile frame, fasteners & hardware, shafts, axles, rotors, pipelines etc. Extensive research has been done by scientists & engineers to explore various ways to prevent hydrogen embrittlement. Some of them are i) addition of alloying elements ii) selection of material with less susceptibility to hydrogen iii) use of barrier layers to prevent hydrogen diffusion iv) change in manufacturing process and application environment v) use of advance Nano coatings to minimize hydrogen penetration etc. Out of all these methods of controlling hydrogen embrittlement, use of advance coatings appears to be more practical, less intricate and economical. In current decade Graphene has achieved a great attention from engineering world because of its excellent chemical, physical, mechanical & thermal properties. Graphene can act as a protective barrier against many environmental induced degradat on of alloy steels because of its extraordinary impermeability. This review article summaries the current state of research & available commercial solutions for mitigations of hydrogen embrittlement using graphene based Nanocoatings. Authors have conducted experiments on several available coatings including graphene to investigate the behavior in an environment promoting hydrogen embrittlement and compared the effect on mechanical properties and ductility of high strength steel (EN24/AISI4340/34CrNiMo6)

The present paper aims to increase knowledge of the methods of resistance estimating of concrete in situ by means of non-destructive tests used to integrate the quantitative results from cylindrical specimens (core). The results of experimental investigations carried out on concrete conglomerate samples of a school building are shown. The experimental campaign then will be presented like a case study, conducted on a series of concrete beams and pillars of an existing building. The expression obtained through the calibration procedure of the values of non-destructive tests with those provided by the core drills allowed to estimate the average values of the compressive strength of the concrete. It is highlighted how this result was achieved with a very limited core number that are extracted in randomly selected points and that there was a proportionality link with the resistances obtained from non-destructive tests.

The present acknowledgment has been hard to change as per the making of dataset. The paper presents framework to utilize binned total to decrease dataset for envision a gathering of information types. Givens an information amassing plan of the dimensionality decreasing square. By then for shrewd depiction in binned plots through multivariate information tiles. For a colossal degree of information, we cut into an enormous measure of little pieces. While finishing a range demand, essentially utilize the isolated bits of information for this range be joined together. The dataset through reducing into nformation square and be insightful checking among binned plots through different multivariate information tiles

Significant for better infection the overseers, propelled interventions, and authentically effective valuable gatherings help dispersing. Exceptional AI approaches have been connected bits of knowledge in cutting edge prosperity document for this errand. A variety of past undertakings, at any rate, based on formed fields and lose the incredible bit of assurances inside the unstructured notes. On this artworks we exhort an exquisite play out phenomenal undertakings framework for perplexity beginning decision that joins each free substance medicinal notes and took care of estimations. We view execution of balanced critical acing systems nearby CNN, LSTM and interesting leveled designs. Rather than standard substance based absolutely decision shape, our gadget does never again require misery unequivocal factor creating, and may manage nullifications and numerical qualities that exist inside the substance. Our outcomes on an amigo of around 1 million sufferers show off that models the utilization of substance defeat models utilizing basically made estimations, and that structures organize for the use of numerical traits and refutations inside the substance, independent of the troublesome substance, nearly improve execution. But, we watch changed commonness procedures for valuable pros to get to the base of variant estimates

This paper states drastic deployment of big data especially IoT devices are widely increasing and becoming an significant issue. With the traditional cloud-based structures which results in inhibiting computational power resource and storage compliance on demand server. since traditional cloud based structures are centralised , issue facing are quite common. We proposing decentralised cloud-based structures in an effective scheme for storage system by employing blockchain and certificateless cryptography. This helps to verify and audit the records with the help of certificate authority standards. Also maintains the storage system in a secure way by extending its authenticity and accountability on devices by leveraging blockchain technology.

Transforms are an integral part of any digital signal processing algorithm. Now a days, the real-time systems like Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) or High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) requires transforms to be calculated on a very fast basis with significant accuracy. Initially to calculate the basis/coefficients of a transform the techniques like look up table based, CORDIC based are well known. Moving further, CORDIC can be used with shifters to further reduce the complexity. The aim of this said paper is to analyze and implement (creating the architecture) the sinusoidal transforms like FFT/DCT used in many core signal processing algorithms with the required accuracy. Results indicates improvement in the accuracy after 18th order compared to basic CORDIC

The IDS system identifies the anomaly device which connected in the network communication process through evaluating the MAC address compared with the registered list of devices. In completion, this research work ensures that all the devices which are involved in the network communications are authenticated and secured, which increases the security of the network and prevents the intruder